White spots on nails are very common, everyone at some point in their lives experience them. These spots can indicate a few different things, because the different patterns of white spots may be symptomatic of different causative conditions, but the underlying theme is that your body is trying to tell you that you are not healthy. It's essential to know the causes and take respective measures to treat them.
指甲上出現白色斑點是很常見的，幾乎每個人都可能會遇到。這些小斑點因形狀等的不同，會反映出我們身體可能存在的不同問題。無論哪一種，這其實都是再告訴我們：我們可能需要關注自己的身體健康狀況了。所以我們有必要知道白色斑點出現的原因，以及針對不同原因而需要采取不同的措施。

Nail Injuries
指甲受傷
The white spots on the fingernails, which can appear as dots or lines, are called leukonychia. An injury to the base of the nail, which is also known as the matrix, can result in the appearance of these white spots on the nails.
指甲上的白色斑點，有時會成點狀或線狀出現，這叫做白甲病。可能會由于指甲根部（也叫基質）部分受傷而導致。
Due to the fact that these spots take some time to appear after the injury, you may have forgotten all about the injury. Some examples of the types of injuries that can cause these spots are banging the finger on the door or banging it on the countertop or with a hammer. Having manicures done frequently can cause injuries to the nails as well.
這類白色斑點可能會在受傷很長一段時間之后才會出現，所以你可能都不記得指甲曾受過什么傷了。導致這類斑點出現的指甲受傷類型包括指甲撞在門上或工作臺上或被錘子砸到等。過度頻繁的剪指甲也會導致指甲受傷。

Allergic Reaction
過敏反應
There are times when white spots can appear on the nails due to an allergic reaction to nail polish, nail hardener or even nail polish remover.
有時因涂指甲油或者卸甲水時導致的過敏反應也會使指甲上長出白色小班點。

Zinc Deficiency
缺鋅
Zinc is a metal that is normally found in the human body. A zinc deficiency in a person commonly causes white spots or streaks in their nails.
鋅是人體所必須的一種微量元素。體內缺鋅經常會導致指甲上出現白色斑點或白色細條。
A change in the person's diet can help to resolve this problem.
改善飲食能幫助解決這個問題。
Some foods that can help to add zinc to the person's diet are oysters, baked beans, yogurt, crab, beef shanks, pork shoulder, spinach, nuts and whole grains.
富含鋅的食物包括牡蠣、烤豆、酸奶、蟹肉、牛腱肉、豬肩肉、菠菜、堅果以及全部的谷物。

Protein Deficiency
缺乏蛋白質
A protein deficiency in a person will show as horizontal bands that extend across the nail bed. These lines are known as Muehrcke's lines. Due to the fact that these lines are on the nail bed and not on the nail plate, they will not simply grow out with your nails.
體內缺乏蛋白質在指甲上的表現就是甲床上會出現橫條紋，這種橫條紋叫做米爾克線。由于這些條紋是長在甲床而不是甲面上，所以它們不會隨著指甲一起生長。
When the protein levels return to normal, these lines will usually just disappear. There are some rare cases in which these lines can be indicative of liver disease. There is a way to test to see if these lines are Muehrcke's lines or not. Just press down on the nail plate, and if the lines disappear then they are Muehrcke's lines.
當體內蛋白質含量回歸正常，這些條紋一般就會消失。在一些罕見案例中，這種條紋還可能成為肝病的預兆。有一種方法可以檢測這種條紋是否屬于米克爾線：按住指甲甲面，如果條紋消失那么它們就是米克爾線。
Recommendations of protein-rich foods: Turkey beast, fish (salmon, tuna), pork loin, lean beef, tofu, beans, yogurt, soymilk, nuts and seeds.
富含蛋白質的食物包括：魚類（三文魚、金槍魚等）、豬里脊肉、豆腐、豆類、酸奶、豆漿、堅果及種子等。

Calcium Deficiency
缺鈣
Possibly because of the numerous calcium enriched nail strengtheners on the market, there is a widespread belief that calcium deficiency causes leukonychia.
也許因為市面上有很多賣加鈣的指甲增強劑，所以很多人都認為缺鈣會導致白甲病。
In order to treat calcium deficiency, you can simply add calcium to your diet, drinking orange juice or any other calcium fortified food or drinks will help.
如果缺鈣，可以通過調整飲食來補鈣，如多喝橙汁、多吃含鈣量高的食物。

Fungal Superficial Onychomycosis
真菌感染造成的甲癬
A subtype of an infection that commonly appears on the toenails is known as white superficial onychomycosis. Fungi are the cause of these white spots and they appear on the nail plate and then they spread to the nail bed. This disorder presents with the toenails appearing flaky at first and then the nail becomes thick. Nail splitting then occurs and there is significant pain while wearing shoes.
容易出現在腳趾甲上的一種真菌感染亞型叫做白色表淺性甲癬。真菌是這類白色斑點產生的原因，白色斑點先是在指甲甲面出現，之后又蔓延到甲床上。這種情況下，腳趾甲先是看起來很薄，后來又變厚，之后還會裂縫，穿鞋子的時候會很疼。
There are some other disorders that can mimic this disorder, so in order to diagnosis this form of onychomycosis, a doctor can clip a piece of the toenail and examine it under a microscope or they may choose to place the clipping into a special container and watch it over time to see what type of fungus grows on it.
因為這種病癥容易和其他病癥混淆，所以為了確診這種形式的甲癬，醫生常會剪下一塊腳趾甲放在顯微鏡下檢查，或是放在一種特殊的容器中，觀察一段時間以確定真菌的種類。
An oral anti-fungal medication in combination with a topical ointment is normally recommended. This will usually clear this condition up within three months, although it is important to be aware of the fact that the topical ointment generally will not fully penetrate the nail plate to reach the nail bed.
如果得了這種甲癬，通常推薦口服抗真菌藥物及外用藥膏。通常三個月之后，癥狀就會消失。不過要注意的是，外用藥膏并不會通過指甲甲面直達甲床的。

Serious Diseases
一些嚴重疾病
There are some serious diseases like liver disease, Kidney disease, Anemia, etc., that present symptoms like white spots on the nails. Therefore, it is extremely important to see a doctor if you notice any discolorations in your nails. The earlier you see the doctor the more likely it is to treat the condition effectively.
指甲上出現白色斑點還有可能是一些嚴重疾病如肝病、腎病、貧血等的先兆。所以如果你發現指甲有任何褪色等異常情況請及時看醫生。越早看醫生，越能有效解決問題。

Home Remedies for White Spots on Nails
指甲上出現白色斑點的家庭療法
Cover with Nail Polish
涂指甲油
In order to hide these white spots, you can use nail polish, preferably a light shade of pink or peach.
為了蓋住白色斑點，可以涂指甲油，建議涂那種淺粉色或粉紅色。
Moisturize
保濕
Maintaining a good level of moisture in the hands is important. A good tip for this, is massaging the hands and fingernails with either vitamin E or hand lotion, which can be applied to the skin on the side of the nails as well.
保持手部濕潤非常重要。可以在手上涂抹維E或護手霜之后按摩手指、指甲以及指甲旁邊的皮膚。
Let It Grow Out
等著白斑點和指甲一起長長然后剪掉
Patience is of the utmost importance when letting the white spots on the nails grow out. With time they will grow over the smile line, which is the separation between the bed of the nail and the actual growth of the nail. Once this occurs, you can clip, cut or file them down, but it is extremely important that you don't take off too much, it is necessary to leave some actual growth so you do not damage the nail bed.
要等著白色斑點和指甲一起長長之后再剪掉需要的是耐心。等到白色斑點隨著指甲長到可以修剪的部分時再剪掉。記住一定不要剪得太短，要留一些長度來保護甲床。
Keep a Balanced Diet
飲食均衡
Maintaining a balanced diet is essential for the overall health of the entire body, including the fingernails.
均衡的飲食對包括指甲在內的身體各部分的健康狀況來說都是必須的。
•Have More Calcium-Rich Foods and Drinks
多攝食富含鈣的食物和飲品
•Eat More Vitamin C Rich Fruits
多吃富含維C的水果
•Consume More Zinc, Iron Rich Foods
多吃含鋅、鐵等元素的食物