2 一般術(shù)語(yǔ)
2.1 食品 food
2.1.1 動(dòng)物性食品 food of animal origin (animal food)
2.1.2 植物性食品 vegetable food (plant food)
2.1.3 傳統(tǒng)食品 traditional food
2.1.4 干制食品 dehydrated food(同義詞:脫水食品)
2.1.5 糖制食品 confectionery(同義詞:糖食品)
2.1.6 腌制品 curing food
2.1.7 烘焙食品 bakery
2.1.8 熏制食品 smoking food
2.1.9 膨化食品 puffed food (extruded food)
2.1.10 速凍食品 quick-frozen food
2.1.11 罐藏食品 canned food(同義詞:罐頭食品)
2.1.12 方便食品 convenient food(fast food, prepared food, instant food)
2.1.13 特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)食品 food of special nutrients
2.1.13.1 嬰幼兒食品 infant or baby food
2.1.13.2 強(qiáng)化食品 nutrient fortified food(同義詞:營(yíng)養(yǎng)強(qiáng)化食品)
2.1.14 天然食品 natural food
2.1.15 摸擬食品 imitation food(同義詞:人造食品)
2.1.16 預(yù)包裝食品 prepackaged food
2.2 食品制造 food manufacturing
2.3 食品加工 food processing
2.4 食品工業(yè) food industry
2.5 食品資源 food resource
2.6 食品新資源 new resource for food
2.7 原料 raw material
2.8 配料 ingredient
2.8.1 主料 major ingredient (major material)
2.8.2 輔料 auxiliary ingredient (auxiliary material)
2.8.3 食品添加劑 food additive
2.8.4 食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)強(qiáng)化劑 food enrichment
2.8.5 加工助劑 processing aid
2.8.6 酶 enzyme
2.9 配料表 list of ingredients
2.10 配方 formula
2.11 食品包裝材料 packaging material for food
2.12 食品包裝容器 food container
2.13 軟包裝 flexible package
2.14 硬包裝 rigid package
2.15 食品標(biāo)簽 food labelling
2.16 保質(zhì)期 date of minimum durability(同義詞:最佳食用期)
2.17 保存期 use-by date(同義詞:推薦的最終食用期)
2.18 食品質(zhì)量 food quality
2.19 食品質(zhì)量管理 food quality control
2.20 食品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督 food quality supervision
2.21 食品質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn) food quality inspection
2.22 食品衛(wèi)生 food hygiene (food safety)(同義詞:食品安全)
2.23 食品營(yíng)養(yǎng) food nutrition
2.24 食品成分 food composition
2.25 食品分析 food analysis
2.26 食品工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 food industry standardization
2.27 食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn) food standard
2.27.1 食品產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn) food product standard
2.27.2 食品衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn) food hygienic standard
2.27.3 食品廠衛(wèi)生規(guī)范 hygienic code of food factory
2.27.4 食品分析方法標(biāo)準(zhǔn) food analysing standard method
2.28 良好加工規(guī)范 good manufacturing practice (GMP)
2.29 危害分析關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn) hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP)
2.30 食品生產(chǎn)許可證 food production licence
2.31 食品產(chǎn)品合格證 food product qualification
2.32 食品衛(wèi)生許可證 food hygiene licence
2.33 食品衛(wèi)生合格證 food hygiene qualification
2.34 食品工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品 by-product of food industry
3 產(chǎn)品術(shù)語(yǔ)
3.1 糧食 grain
3.2 糧食制品 cereal product
3.3 肉制品 meat product
3.4 食用油脂 edible oil and fat
3.5 食糖 sugar
3.6 乳制品 dairy product
3.7 水產(chǎn)品 sea food
3.8 水果制品 fruit product
3.9 蔬菜制品 vegetable product
3.10 植物蛋白食品 vegetable protein food
3.11 淀粉制品 starch-based product
3.12 蛋制品 egg product
3.13 糕點(diǎn) pastry
3.14 糖果 candy
3.15 調(diào)味品 condiment (seasoning)
3.16 食用鹽 edible salt (food grade salt)(同義詞:食鹽)
3.17 飲料酒 alcoholic drink
3.18 無(wú)酒精飲料 non-alcoholic drink(soft drink)
3.19 茶 tea
4 工藝術(shù)語(yǔ)
4.1 原料清理 raw material handling (raw material cleaning)
4.2 原料預(yù)處理 pretreatment of raw material
4.3 酸處理 acid treatment
4.4 硫處理 sulphuring treatment
4.5 堿處理 alkali treatment
4.6 粉碎 grinding
4.6.1 破碎 cracking (crushing)
4.7 打漿 mashing
4.8 攪拌 mixing
4.9 分離 separation
4.9.1 離心分離 centrifugal separation
4.9.2 過(guò)濾 filtration
4.9.3 膜分離 membrane separation
4.10 篩分 screening (sifting)
4.11 沉降 precipitation
4.12 濃縮 concentration
4.13 蒸餾 distillation
4.13.1 精餾 rectification (distilling)(同義詞:分餾)
4.14 蒸發(fā) evaporation
4.14.1 閃蒸 flash evaporation
4.15 離子交換 ion exchange
4.16 吸附 adsorption
4.17 吸收 absorption
4.18 解吸 deabsorption(同義詞:脫吸)
4.19 干燥 drying
4.20 脫水 dehydration(同義詞:人工干燥)
4.21 復(fù)水 rehydration
4.22 浸取 extraction(同義詞:浸出、萃取)
4.23 壓榨 pressing
4.24 乳化 emulsifying
4.25 均質(zhì) homogenizing
4.26 發(fā)酵 fermentation
4.27 釀造 brewing
4.28 糊化 gelatinization
4.29 凝沉 retrogradation(同義詞:回生)
4.30 液化 liquifying (liquefaction)
4.31 糖化 saccharification (conversion)
4.32 氫化 hydrogenation(同義詞:加氫)
4.33 嫩化 tenderization
4.34 軟化 softening
4.35 營(yíng)養(yǎng)強(qiáng)化 fortification (enrichment)
4.36 膨化 extrusion (puffing)
4.37 精制 refining
4.37.1 精煉 refining
4.38 烘焙 baking(同義詞:烘烤、焙烤)
4.39 熏制 smoking
4.40 保鮮 refreshment (refreshing)
4.41 冷藏 cold storage
4.42 凍藏frozen storage(同義詞:凍結(jié)保藏)
4.43 速凍 quick-freezing
4.44 氣調(diào)貯藏 storage in controlled atmosphere(同義詞:CA貯藏)
4.45 干制保藏 drying preservation (preserved by dehydration ; drying process)
4.46 腌制保藏 curing preservation (preserved by curing process)(同義詞:腌制)
4.46.1 鹽漬 salting
4.46.2 醬漬 saucing
4.46.3 糖漬 sugaring
4.46.4 酸漬 pickling
4.46.5 糟漬 cured or pickled with germented grains
4.47 輻照保藏 irradiation preservation
4.48 化學(xué)保藏 chemical preservation
4.49 成熟 ripening
4.50 后熟 maturation
4.51 滅菌 sterilization
4.51.1 超高溫瞬時(shí)滅菌 ultra high temperature short time sterilization(同義詞:UHT滅菌法)
4.51.2 商業(yè)無(wú)菌 commercial sterilization
4.52 消毒 disinfection
4.52.1 巴氏消毒 pasteurization(同義詞:巴氏滅菌。)
4.53 接種 inoculation
4.54 培菌 cultivation
4.55 染菌 microbiological contamination (contamination)
4.56 食品包裝 food packaging (food packing,food package)
4.56.1 真空包裝 vacuum packing
4.56.2 充氣包裝 gas flush packaging(gas packing)
4.56.3 無(wú)菌包裝 aseptic packaging(aseptic packing)
5 質(zhì)量、營(yíng)養(yǎng)及衛(wèi)生術(shù)語(yǔ)
5.1 營(yíng)養(yǎng)素 nutrient
5.2 蛋白質(zhì) protein
5.2.1 粗蛋白質(zhì) crude protein
5.2.2 植物蛋白 vegetable protein
5.2.3 動(dòng)物蛋白 animal protein
5.3 蛋白質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià) nutritional evaluation
5.4 蛋白質(zhì)變性 protein denaturation
5.5 蛋白質(zhì)互補(bǔ) complementary action of protein
5.6 氨基酸 amino acid
5.6.1 必需氨基酸 essential amino acid
5.7 脂肪 fat (oil and fat)(同義詞:油脂)
5.7.1 粗脂肪 crude fat
5.8 脂肪酸 fatty acid
5.8.1 飽和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acid
5.8.2 不飽和脂肪酸 unsaturated fatty acid
5.9 碳水化合物 carbohydrate
5.9.1 有效碳水化合物 effective carbohydrate
5.9.2 粗纖維 crude fiber
5.9.3 膳食纖維 dietary fiber
5.10 礦物質(zhì) mineral matter
5.11 微量元素 trace element
5.12 維生素 vitamin
5.12.1 脂溶性維生素 liposoluble vitamin (fat soluble vitamin)
5.12.2 水溶性維生素 water soluble vitamin
5.14 每日推薦的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供給量(RDA) recommended daily nutrient allowance
5.15 營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值 nutritional value
5.16 水分 moisture content
5.17 水分活度 water activity(同義詞:水活性)
5.18 熱量 calorie(同義詞:熱能)
5.19 固形物 solid content
5.19.1 可溶性固形物 soluble solid
5.19.2 不溶性固形物 insoluble solid
5.20 食品污染 food contamination
5.20.1 生物性污染 biologic contamination
5.20.2 化學(xué)性污染 chemical contamination
5.20.3 放射性污染 radioactive contamination
5.21 重金屬 heavy metal
5.22 微生物毒素 microbial toxin
5.23 農(nóng)藥殘留 residue of pesticide
5.24 獸藥殘留 residue of veterinary drug
5.25 食物中毒 food poisoning
5.26 酸敗 rancidity
5.27 腐敗 spoilage
5.28 霉變 mould
5.29 褐變 browning
5.30 食物安全毒理學(xué)評(píng)價(jià) toxicological evaluation for food safety
5.30.1 人體每日允許攝入量(ADI) acceptable daily intake (ADI)
5.31 食品感官檢驗(yàn) sensory analysis ( sensory evaluation)
5.31.1 感官特性 organoleptic attribute
5.32 食品理化檢驗(yàn) food physical and chemical analysis
5.33 灰分 ash
5.34 總糖 total reducing sugar
5.35 還原糖 reducing sugar
5.36 酸度 acidity
5.37 總酸 total acid
5.38 碘價(jià) iodine value
5.39 酸價(jià) acid value(同義詞:酸值)
5.40 過(guò)氧化值 peroxide value
5.41 食品微生物學(xué)檢驗(yàn) food microbiological analysis
5.41.1 菌落總數(shù) total plate count
5.41.2 大腸菌群 coliform
5.41.3 致病菌 pathogenic bacterium(同義詞:病原菌)
5.42 抗生素 antibiotic(同義詞:抗菌素)
參考資料:GB/T 15091-94《食品工業(yè)基本術(shù)語(yǔ)》