In the US, the head of a college, or school, at a university is called a dean. For example, "Professor Jones is dean of the College of Law at State University." The head of a school that teaches students through the 12th grade is usually called the principal. Some private schools call their head of their school the headmaster. The leader of a team is called the coach. In China, the head of a government department is called minister (eg minister of foreign affairs) while in the US it would be secretary (eg US Secretary of State).
在美國(guó)，大學(xué)學(xué)院的負(fù)責(zé)人稱作"dean"(院長(zhǎng))。比如" Professor Jones is dean of the College of Law at State University. "(瓊斯教授是州立大學(xué)法學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)。)教授1-12年級(jí)學(xué)生的學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人通常稱為"principal"(校長(zhǎng))。一些私立學(xué)校稱學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人為"headmaster"(校長(zhǎng))。一個(gè)隊(duì)伍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者稱為"coach"(隊(duì)長(zhǎng))。在中國(guó)部長(zhǎng)稱為"minister"，如"minister of foreign affairs"(外交部長(zhǎng))，而美國(guó)則稱"secretary"，如"US Secretary of State"(美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿)。

[Chief]
國(guó)家部委的司長(zhǎng)、局長(zhǎng)、省屬?gòu)d局的廳長(zhǎng)、局長(zhǎng)(chief of the…Department/Bureau)；國(guó)務(wù)院直屬局的局長(zhǎng)(chief of the…Administration)；處長(zhǎng)(division chief)；科長(zhǎng)(section chief)；圖書(shū)館館長(zhǎng)(chief librarian)等。

[President]
國(guó)家主席(president)；中國(guó)社科院、農(nóng)科院、林科院等科學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)(president of the Chinese Academy of…)；銀行的行長(zhǎng)(president of a bank)；協(xié)會(huì)、學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)長(zhǎng)或理事長(zhǎng)(president of an association, society or council)；法庭的庭長(zhǎng)(president of a court)；公司的總裁或董事長(zhǎng)(president of a corporation or company)等。

[Head]
學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)(head of a college or faculty)；大學(xué)的系主任(head of the Department of…)；縣長(zhǎng)(head of a county)；列車長(zhǎng)(head of a train crew)；村長(zhǎng)(village head)；護(hù)士長(zhǎng)(head nurse)；廚師長(zhǎng)(head cook)等。

[Director]
研究所所長(zhǎng) (director of an institute)；醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)(director of a hospital)；博物館館長(zhǎng)(director of a museum)；署長(zhǎng)、司長(zhǎng)、局長(zhǎng)(director-general)；廠長(zhǎng)(factory director)等。

[Chairman]
人大常委會(huì)的委員長(zhǎng)，委員會(huì)的主席，行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、專業(yè)學(xué)會(huì)、同業(yè)公會(huì)、同鄉(xiāng)會(huì)、同學(xué)會(huì)等的會(huì)長(zhǎng)(chairman)；董事長(zhǎng)(chairman of the board，也可用general board，或用chief executive)；大學(xué)的系主任(chairman，也可用head)等。

[Leader]
軍隊(duì)的班長(zhǎng)(squad leader)；排長(zhǎng)(platoon leader)；工作隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)、組長(zhǎng)(group leader)；體育代表隊(duì)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)(team leader)等。