條理清楚，擺事實、講道理

語言簡單、平實、明確、直接

容易被理解和接受

正確、準確地使用英語

   vetral/ventricle; casual/causal

用最少、最短的詞

科學論文的基本結構

Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRAD)

I: What and why? 研究什么問題？為什么研究這個問題？

M：How? 如何研究的？

R：What? 發現了什么？

D：What? 發現意味著什么？

標 題 

重要性

體現創新點

包含所有關鍵詞 （檢索）

吸引人

用動詞、句子

采用動詞（1） 

Hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced by chronic opiate 

treatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates. J. Neurosci. 

Heterologous activation of protein kinase C stimulates phosphorylation 

of d-opioid receptor at serine 344 and this results in b-arrestin- and 

clathrin-mediated receptor internalization. J Biol Chem 

Anti-HIV agent trichosanthin enhances the capabilities of chemokines 

to stimulate chemotaxis and G protein activation and this is mediated

 through interaction of trichosanthin and chemokine receptor. J Exp Med

采用動詞（2） 

Divalent cations and ligands induce conformational changes that 

are highly divergent among b1 integrins. J Biol Chem 

Inhibition of CamK II in rat hippocampus attenuates morphine 

tolerance and dependence. Mol Pharmacol.

Chemokine receptor CCR5 functionally couples to inhibitory G 

proteins and undergoes desensitization. J Cell Biochem 

Carboxyl terminus of delta opioid receptor is required for 

agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 

采用動詞（3） 

N-methyl-D-aspartate attenuates opioid receptor-mediated G

 protein activation and this process involves protein kinase C.

 Mol Pharmacol.

Endogenous delta-opioid and ORL1 receptors couple to phosphorylation 

and activation of p38 MAPK in NG108-15 cells and this is regulated 

by protein kinase A and protein kinase C. J Neurochem 

Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor attenuates acute 

responsiveness of delta-opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol 

Cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonists attenuate morphine 

dependence and withdrawal in rats. Neuroreport 

采用詞組

Identification of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 

phosphorylation sites responsible for agonist-stimulated

 delta-opioid receptor phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol

Differential roles of corticotropin-releasing factor 

receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in opiate withdrawal and in

 relapse to opiate dependence. 

Identification of a human brain-specific isoform of mammalian

 STE20-like kinase 3 that is regulated by cAMP-dependent 

protein kinase. J Biol Chem 

Selective interference of b-arrestin 1 with k and d but not

 m opioid receptor/G protein coupling. J Biol Chem.

Differential and tissue-spesific expression of mitochondrial 

elongation factor Tu and Ts during development. Acta Bioch Bioph Sin

Differential efficacies of k agonists to induce homologous 

desensitization of k opioid receptor. Neurosci Lett 

采用詞組（冒號）

Reactivation of morphine conditioned place preference by

 drug priming: role of environmental cues and sensitization. 

Psychopharmacology 

Five-transmembrane domain structure is sufficient for a 

G protein coupled receptor: Functional five-transmembrane

 domain chemokine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.

Etorphine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in 

SK-N-SH cells: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive 

G proteins. Neurosci Res 

Retardation of pain development: a case of recovery from 

congenital insensitivity to pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 

類似的研究（1） 

Differential regulation of beta-arrestin 1 and beta-arrestin 

2 gene expression in rat brain by morphine. Neuroscience

Acute and chronic morphine treatments and morphine withdrawal 

differentially regulate GRK2 and GRK5 gene expression in rat

 brain. Neuropharmacology

類似的研究（2） 

Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with 

the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol

Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular

 domains of the delta opioid receptor. J Neurochem 

類似的研究（3） 

Functional expression, activation and desensitization of opioid 

receptor-like receptor ORL1 in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 

hybrid cells. FEBS Lett 

Endogenous opioid receptor-like receptor in human neuroblastoma 

SK-N-SH cells: activation of inhibitory G-protein and homologous 

desensitization. Neuroreport

Not so good (1)

Mechanistic studies of the translational elongation cycle in 

mammalian mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta 

Molecular characterization and functional expression of opioid 

receptor-like receptor. Cell Res.

Functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor and its

 endogenous specific agonist nociceptin/orphanin FQ during embryogenesis. Cell Res